Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable diseases, disability, and premature death worldwide. The harms associated with smoking are reported across epidemiological studies using various measures of quantitative assessment. However, it can be challenging to communicate these harms in a clear and accessible way that resonates well with people who smoke. Most smokers are aware that smoking can reduce their lifespan, but are not aware about the impact of each cigarette smoked by them.
Estimating the average loss of life expectancy for every cigarette smoked is an impactful way to depict the harm caused by smoking. A study published in the BMJ in 2000 gave an estimate that each cigarette smoked shortens the life expectancy by approximately 11 minutes. However, the estimate was based solely on epidemiological data from male doctors followed up for 40 years to 1991. Better and more up-to-date data are now available.
A recent study by Jackson et al., at University College London published in the journal “Addiction” highlights the severe toll on life expectancy caused by smoking. As per the findings, smoking costs approximately 20 minutes loss of life expectancy per cigarette smoked (17 minutes for men and 22 minutes for women). This estimate is almost double the figure of 11 minutes from a BMJ study in 2000, making it a dreadful public health concern. The study also emphasizes that the damage caused by smoking is cumulative, accelerating the decline in health over time. Hence, quitting smoking can recover years of life expectancy, especially at a younger age (see Graphic).
(Source: Jackson SE, Jarvis MJ, West R. The price of a cigarette: 20 minutes of life? Addiction. 2024. Doi: 10.1111/add.16757)